Research Paper Rough Draft
Henry Harris
Writing for the Sciences
Brittany Zayas
Research Paper Rough Draft
Nov. 25, 2024
- Introduction
[Introduce history of general relativity, then quantum theory]
However, the two theories of gravity have several confounding expectations when it comes to extreme circumstances. At the very smallest scales in the universe, particles and objects cease abiding by the laws described in general relativity—in which time is fluid. This extreme scale is the gap of which Unified Field Theories (UFTs) seek to resolve and mend. String theory was born in the middle of the 20th century, not too long after Einstein’s publication of general relativity. Most older theories have been discarded in lieu of a late 20th-century theory of superstrings and supersymmetry (Gopakumar, 2015). For the most part, string theory works to consolidate the differences between general relativity and quantum theory; however, it is not concretely accepted nor proofed. Thus, there are several other distinct resolutions to these differences. A separate idea—radically distinct from string theory—named dendrogramic-holographic theory takes a different approach through the analysis of observers and events.
Regardless of the two different theories, the evolution into these theories in the past few decades has been congruent with a rise of pseudoscientific beliefs (sourced). The most fringe of these theories often approach and use the same terminology as physics studies into UFTs, and are certainly prominent explanations in how these fringe theories arise. It is in these similarities that some attention can be called to the arising possibility of some pseudoscientific topics consolidating with these theories. As research progresses, fringe sciences do retain some basis due to the theoretical nature found in the development of string theory and other UFTs.
- String Theory
String theory has developed in two focuses to resolve different issues in consolidation of general relativity and quantum theory. The first is to resolve the failures of general relativity under extreme circumstances. In the study of black holes and Schwarzchild radii, Hawking and Bekenstein observed that black holes appear to radiate energy besides light, primarily thermal energy. The amount of energy radiated by these black holes also follows a universal formula, meaning they are likely related to a property of something more distinct than random emissions of particles (Gopakumar, 2015). In the 1990s, a revelation in the study of string theory resulted in the focus on Dirichlet-branes or string-like objects that extend beyond a single dimension. There are multiple strings on each corner of the D-brane,
- Alternatives: Dendrogram-Holographic Theory’s Approach
[Like string theory, describe from lit review, bring attention to the nature of the observer and its connection to the tree of events]
- Speculative Science
[Describe many worlds theory and Drageset’s model from lit. review]
- Realizing the Mysticism of Pseudoscience
Pseudoscience encompasses a broad swath of beliefs generally unaccepted by the scientific
community. In the United States, conspiratorial ideas such as distrusting vaccines and the claim that the moon landing was fake stray from science and are held by a small percent of people—roughly 10% of Americans sampled (Hamilton, 2022)—while still existing out there. However, it is ought to be that some distinction be made between those theories and the likes of theories proposed by Drageset and Ruzin. Drageset and Ruzin’s models are based around hypotheses derived from widely held scientific beliefs, while other fringe sciences and theories are almost entirely discounted due to their unscientific and speculative nature.
Ruzin’s analysis of Everett’s many worlds theory primarily concerns itself with the idea of how systems operate under observation. To recall, Ruzin concluded through Everett that parallel universes operate alongside our own since there can be no outside observer to our own universe, making the state of our universe as a whole system undetermined. The primary components of the many worlds theory
Drageset’s theory proposes
